What Do the Annotations Mean in US Ship Manifests

Contrary to popular belief, U.S. customs officials or Immigration Services did not create ship passenger lists. Ship manifests were completed, generally at the point of departure, by steamship companies. These passenger manifests were then submitted to the immigration officials upon arrival in the United States. U.S. immigration officials were known, however, to add annotations to these ship passenger lists, both at the time of arrival or many years later. These annotations may have been made to correct or clarify certain information, or to reference naturalization  or other relevant documents. Annotations Made at Time of Arrival Annotations added to passenger manifests at the time of a ships arrival were made by immigration officials in order to clarify information or to detail a problem a passengers entrance to the United States. Examples include: X - An X to the far left of the page, before or in the name column, signifies that the passenger was temporarily detained. Look at the end of the manifest for that particular ship to see the list of all detained aliens. S.I. or B.S.I. - Also found to the far left of the manifest, before the name. This meant that the passenger was held for a Board of Special Inquiry hearing, and perhaps slated to be deported. Additional information may be found at the end of the manifest. USB or USC - Indicates U.S. born or U.S. citizen and is sometimes found noted on the manifests for U.S. citizens returning from a trip abroad. Annotations Made Later The most common annotations added to ship passenger lists after the time of arrival had to do with verification checks, generally in response to an application for citizenship or naturalization. Common annotations include: C # - Look for C followed by a bunch of numbers - usually stamped or handwritten near the individuals name on the passenger manifest. This refers to the Naturalization certificate number. This may have been entered while verifying immigration for a naturalization petition, or upon arrival for a returning U.S. citizen. 435/621 - These or similar numbers with no date given may refer to the NY file number and indicates an early verification or record check. These files no longer survive. 432731/435765 - Numbers in this format generally refer to a permanent U.S. resident returning from a visit abroad with a Reentry Permit. Number in the Occupation Column - Numerical sequences in the occupation column were often added during verification for naturalization purposes, usually after 1926. The first number is the naturalization number, the second is the application number or Certificate of Arrival number. An x between the two numbers indicates that no fee was required for the Certificate of Arrival. Indicates the naturalization process was initiated, although not necessarily completed. These numbers are often followed by the date of the verification. C/A or c/a - Stands for Certificate of Arrival and indicates that the naturalization process was initiated with a Declaration of Intention, although not necessarily completed. V/L or v/l - Stands for Verification of Landing. Indicates a verification or record check. 404 or 505 - This is the number of the verification form used to transmit manifest information to the requesting INS office. Indicates a verification or record check. Name crossed out with line, or completely xd out with another name written in - The name was officially amended. Records generated by this official process may still survive. W/A or w/a - a Warrant of Arrest. Additional records may survive at the county level.

Should Marijuana Be Legalized Essay - 1685 Words

In 2000, the citizens of Colorado voted in an amendment to the Colorado constitution allowing for the legalization of medical marijuana. However, the amount of licensed medical marijuana card holders was small until 2009, when the U.S Attorney General gave the prosecution and legalization of marijuana over to the states. After this, the number of medical marijuana licenses increased greatly in Colorado. Then, in 2012, the sale of recreational marijuana was legalized in Colorado, to all those over the age of 21, and retail stores began selling marijuana in 2014 (Monte). Public opinion on Marijuana is generally divided fifty-fifty across the United States. Some are strictly against its legalization, even for medical use, and want to see it harshly punished, while others would like to see it as readily available to the public as alcohol and cigarettes. However, in Colorado, one is able to see how the public opinion changes after marijuana’s legalization, as well as the changes in public health and usage of marijuana. Due to intergovernmental relations between the state and federal governments, governmental competition, and the cannabis laws passed by Colorado, the actions of the government have a great impact on the public’s approval of marijuana use, and the amount the public uses it. The powers of the government are divided up among the local, state, and federal level, and they work with one another through a series of intergovernmental relations. Powers are divided toShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. 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The fact that marijuana is illegal is mainly caused by the amount of money, jobs, and pride invested in the drug war. Once the government starts anything, they stick to it. At

Need Potential Of Ireland Essay Example For Students

Need Potential Of Ireland Essay Need Potential of IrelandThe population of Ireland in 1998 was estimated to be 3,626,952. Included in this population were 1,800,232 males and 1,826,720 females. Irelands population has been steadily increasing over the past ten years and is expected to grow at the same steady rate for the next five years. The increase in population has been attributed the increase in birthrate. The ratio of men to woman has made a tremendous change from year to year. Until 1996 the male population had been the greater of the two. Since 1996, the female population has dominated. In analyzing the population by age groups we find that we find that 40percent (the largest group) fall in between the ages of twenty and forty-four while 35percent are under the age of twenty and 25percent are over the age of forty-four. In taking a closer look, we find than an even smaller portion of people is over the age of sixty. This leads us to the conclusion that not many people in Ireland live over the age of sixty. Even though most of the people are Roman Catholics, there is a small Protestant minority. Throughout the Republic of Ireland freedom of worship is guaranteed. Ireland consists of central sections of lowlands, characterized by bogs and lakes and surrounded by low mountain rages that form a barrier between the lolands ad the perphery of the island. Carrantuohill (1041 miles ofbove sea level) in the McGillicuddy Reeks, a mountain range in the southwest, is the highest point on the island. The principle rivers of Ireland are the Erne and the Shannon. Irelands economy was traditionally agricultrual until the middle 1950s when its industrial base expanded. Construction, mining, public utilities, and manufacturing now account for approximately 36 percent of the gross domestic product. Manufacturing is diversified and mining has an expanding role in the Irish econonmy as new discoveries of mineral deposits have increased mine production. Coal, lead, and zinc are very important. Agriculture is now only at 10 percent. Raising animals is the most important part of Irelands agricultural. The major animal families being raised include cattle, sheep, hogs, horses, and poultry. Ireland principle crops are oats, barley, wheat, and potatoes. Irelands economy is also attributed to the expanding of the countrys fishing industry. Lobsters, prawns, oyesters, crawfish, and periwinkles form the bulk of the countrys seafood exports. Sociology Issues

The Importance of Art Essay Example For Students

The Importance of Art Essay Art is a form of human expression. Art can be seen as the artist sleight of hand on his mood. Art is in various media from posters to public wall of which we call â€Å"graffiti†. Art is elusive as the use of colors shapes and the surface used adds a new dimension. Art portrays various ideas, feelings such as triumph, love, happiness, sorrow and boredom in loss to mention a few. Art is beauty and creativity. During man’s evolution art has progressed over in its most primitive state up to its most modernized versions today. History shows that art has been used as a major tool for communication. Cavemen did art on their walls using unsophisticated and blunt tools. The indigenous people of our country, the aborigines such as Albert Namatjira have also done cave paintings of their Dreamtime stories. Graffiti as far back the year 79 when Pompeii was destroyed by a volcanic eruption display that there were was a source of communication through art and a part of life. Biblical paintings recorded the life and death of Jesus Christ. We will write a custom essay on The Importance of Art specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Religiously symbolic art has expressed the important role played by religion. Chinese art has various color combination which can be seen on chinaware, scrolls, pictures, calendars and even woman kimonos reflect high artistic talents and shows the appreciation of life. Ancient Egyptians, Aztecs, Incas and Mayans created many meticulous pieces of art. Some of the meticulous pieces of art are masks, pyramids, jewelry, wall paintings, tombs, sarcophagi. The primal Romans and Greeks showed their appreciation of life through art. India used art to show their dance and their religions. The African art is symbolic of their tribal cuffs as seen of their totem poles. Today, Art has gone through many changes. Abstract art dominates art today shows ambiguous life a man lives, in contrast to the unambiguous art of the past. Modern does not have spirituality and cultural values and beliefs in the past and is now a reflection of a materialistic life of today. Bill Henson, a portrait artist used his 12 year old Olympia as a nude model for his portrait drawing. This brought much controversy that he was exploiting the body of an under age girl as his own gains. This shows that art is used for popularity and financial gain. The message behind art is to show ideas and ideas that are relevant to society. Art is meant to enliven life and things, though modern art shows more if life’s negativeness. Galleries, parks and museums view to the public with meaningfulness and with the appreciation for art. Art is still effective as hand written material was seen in the walls of Ancient Egypt. Modern art stimulates the thought and fosters greater understanding; it links people across the globe. Art is an important life of ancient artist. Vincent van Gogh saw light through art. As an expressionist artist, Van Gogh used vibrant colors on the and strong brush strokes on the canvas helped him to convey his emotions. Dutch artist, Johannes Veameen used families and girls on his subjects â€Å"The girls with pearl earring† showed his love of human personalities. Michelangelo Painting â€Å"The suite of Mona Lisa† shows the importance he placed on human personalities. These examples prove to us that art is importance of art in the life of artists. Art may sound a luxury but it is essential ingredient in life. Without art, the world will be dull place. We can understand so much about the past through art. It is easier to picture things more quickly and more easily through art. As the saying goes â€Å"a picture is worth a thousand words†. Art stimulates us spiritually and shape through art. Art is important for a person’s mental and commuter skills and helps a person to develop into an ethic admirer and a person who will appreciate life.